OK, so I did this
dd if=some.iso of=/dev/sdb
oops -- that's not the USB key! that's my internal m.2 drive!
The partition table is gone, but it used to contain 2
partitions, both of them in an LVM, one of them part of an
extended logical volume that added space to /home on my
overburdened main drive. I haven't lost much data (just the
first 700mb were overwritten), and amazingly my laptop
continues to run just fine -- even though lvscan reports a
missing drive, apparently the data is still findable.
I'd like to restore the partition table but I don't know
where the partition boundaries are, and in any case I don't
know how to write a partition table (!). What tools should I
use? Preferably without turning off my laptop, since I'm
afraid it won't boot back up again!