This is about partition table surgery. Dangerous! After I installed Fedora 24, I noticed that Ubuntu was missing. In fact, it was missing when I was initially configuring partitions for F24. I think that the Windows operations ate that partition table entry. Perhaps the Windows utilities don't believe in partitions "out of order". The ubuntu partition was the first in the extended partition but it had the last partition number. Luckily I had information about the sector allocations for Ubuntu. I fixed it using these steps: - booted the F24 live USB stick (changing the partition table using sfdisk doesn't seem to work if any partition is active so I could not use the installed F24) - "sudo swapoff -a" so that the swap partition on the HDD was not active - "sudo sfdisk --dump /dev/sda >sda.dump" label: dos label-id: 0xe3102a4b device: /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 52428800, type=1c /dev/sda2 : start= 52430848, size= 204800000, type=7, bootable /dev/sda3 : start= 257230848, size= 40960000, type=83 /dev/sda4 : start= 298192894, size= 326948866, type=5 /dev/sda5 : start= 339154944, size= 32768000, type=82 /dev/sda6 : start= 371924992, size= 253216768, type=83 - "cp -p sda.dump sda.dump.bak" - added a new line to sda.dump (careful: size is in sectors not blocks) /dev/sda7 : start= 298192896, size= 40962048, type=83 - "sudo sfdisk /dev/sda <sda.dump" - "sudo sfdisk --dump /dev/sda >sda.dump2" - "cmp sda.dump sda.dump2": success! - Boot Fedora 24 from hdd - "grub2-mkconfig -o grub2.cfg.new". This will include a stanza for Ubuntu now that its partition has been restored. After inspecting, install grub2.cfg.new as /boot/grub2/grub.cfg - I have booted Ubuntu -- it all worked. The contents of the partition seem fine. False Starts (Don't try this): I tried to do this from the Fedora 24 installed on the HDD. The changes didn't take (and sfdisk gave warnings). There may be a way to get this to work but piling risk on risk is not worth it. I tried to reorder the partition numbers by editing the sda.dump file. I renamed 5-6 to be 6-7 and added the lost partition as 5. When I did this, sfdisk stole the first sector on the former sda5. Why? Perhaps for the logical partition table entry (they are a linked list of sectors). I gave up and just restored 7 the way it had been before it was attacked by Windows.